SGI Freeware 1999 August

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Text File | 1999-01-26 | 53.9 KB | 1,255 lines

mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE mogrify - transform an image or sequence of images SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy [[[[ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ............]]]] _f_i_l_e [ [ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ...] _f_i_l_e ...] DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy transforms an image or a sequence of images. These transforms include image scaling, image rotation, color reduction, and others. The transmogrified image overwrites the original image. EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS To convert all the TIFF files in a particular directory to JPEG, use: mogrify -format jpeg *.tiff To scale an image of a cockatoo to exactly 640 pixels in width and 480 pixels in height, use: mogrify -geometry 640x480! cockatoo.miff OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS ----aaaalllliiiiggggnnnn _t_y_p_e the type of text alignment: LLLLeeeefffftttt, CCCCeeeennnntttteeeerrrr, or RRRRiiiigggghhhhtttt. The default is CCCCeeeennnntttteeeerrrr. See ----ddddrrrraaaawwww or for further details. ----bbbblllluuuurrrr _f_a_c_t_o_r blurs an image. Specify _f_a_c_t_o_r as the percent enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%). ----bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrr <_w_i_d_t_h>_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t> surround the image with a border of color. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the geometry specification. The color of the border is obtained from the X server and is defined as bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrccccoooolllloooorrrr (class bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr). See XXXX((((1111)))) for details. ----bbbbooooxxxx _c_o_l_o_r set the color of the annotation bounding box. See ----ddddrrrraaaawwww or for further details. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the color specification. ----cccchhhhaaaarrrrccccooooaaaallll _f_a_c_t_o_r simulate a charcoal drawing. ----ccccoooolllloooorrrriiiizzzzeeee _v_a_l_u_e colorize the image with the pen color. Page 1 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. You can apply separate colorization values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a colorization value list delineated with slashes (e.g. 0/0/50). ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrssss _v_a_l_u_e preferred number of colors in the image. The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note, this is a color reduction option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this option will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. Refer to qqqquuuuaaaannnnttttiiiizzzzeeee((((9999)))) for more details. If more than one image is specified on the command line, a single colormap is created and saved with each image. Note, options ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrmmmmaaaapppp, ----ddddiiiitttthhhheeeerrrr, ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrssssppppaaaacccceeee, and ----ttttrrrreeeeeeeeddddeeeepppptttthhhh affect the color reduction algorithm. ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrssssppppaaaacccceeee _v_a_l_u_e the type of colorspace: GGGGRRRRAAAAYYYY, OOOOHHHHTTTTAAAA, RRRRGGGGBBBB, TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssppppaaaarrrreeeennnntttt, XXXXYYYYZZZZ, YYYYCCCCbbbbCCCCrrrr, YYYYIIIIQQQQ, YYYYPPPPbbbbPPPPrrrr, YYYYUUUUVVVV, or CCCCMMMMYYYYKKKK. Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space. Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more closely than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may give better results when color reducing an image. Refer to qqqquuuuaaaannnnttttiiiizzzzeeee((((9999)))) for more details. The TTTTrrrraaaannnnssssppppaaaarrrreeeennnntttt color space behaves uniquely in that it preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists. The ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrssss or ----mmmmoooonnnnoooocccchhhhrrrroooommmmeeee option is required for this option to take effect. ----ccccoooommmmmmmmeeeennnntttt _s_t_r_i_n_g annotate an image with a comment. By default, each image is commented with its file name. Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene number by embedding special format characters. Embed %%%%ffff for filename, %%%%dddd for directory, %%%%eeee for filename extention, %%%%tttt for top of filename, %%%%mmmm for magick, %%%%wwww for width, %%%%hhhh for height, %%%%pppp for page number, %%%%ssss for scene number, %%%%bbbb for file Page 2 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) size, or \\\\nnnn for newline. For example, -comment "%m:%f %wx%h" produces an image comment of MMMMIIIIFFFFFFFF::::bbbbiiiirrrrdddd....mmmmiiiiffffffff 555511112222xxxx444488880000 for an image titled bbbbiiiirrrrdddd....mmmmiiiiffffffff and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of _s_t_r_i_n_g is @@@@, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. ----ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss _t_y_p_e the type of image compression: _N_o_n_e, _J_P_E_G, _L_Z_W, _R_u_n_l_e_n_g_t_h_E_n_c_o_d_e_d, or _Z_i_p. Specify ++++ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file. ----ccccoooonnnnttttrrrraaaasssstttt enhance or reduce the image contrast. This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use ----ccccoooonnnnttttrrrraaaasssstttt to enhance the image or ++++ccccoooonnnnttttrrrraaaasssstttt to reduce the image contrast. ----ccccrrrroooopppp <_w_i_d_t_h>{%}_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t>{%}{+-}<_x _o_f_f_s_e_t>{+-}<_y _o_f_f_s_e_t> preferred size and location of the cropped image. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the geometry specification. To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %%%%. For example to crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the image, use ----ccccrrrroooopppp 11110000%%%%. Use cropping to apply image processing options, or transmogrify, only a particular area of an image. Omit the x and y offset to generate one or more subimages of a uniform size. Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use ----ccccrrrroooopppp 0000xxxx0000 to trim edges that are the background color. Add a x and y offset to leave a portion of the trimmed edges with the image. ----ccccyyyycccclllleeee _a_m_o_u_n_t displace image colormap by amount. _A_m_o_u_n_t defines the number of positions each colormap entry is shifted. Page 3 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) ----ddddeeeellllaaaayyyy <_1/_1_0_0_t_h_s _o_f _a _s_e_c_o_n_d> display the next image after pausing. This option is useful for regulating the animation of a sequence of GIF images within Netscape. _1/_1_0_0_t_h_s _o_f _a _s_e_c_o_n_d must expire before the redisplay of the image sequence. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The maximum delay is 65535. ----ddddeeeennnnssssiiiittttyyyy <_w_i_d_t_h>_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t> vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image. This option specifies an image density when decoding a Postscript or Portable Document page. The default is 72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical direction. This option is used in concert with ----ppppaaaaggggeeee. ----ddddeeeessssppppeeeecccckkkklllleeee reduce the speckles within an image. ----ddddiiiissssppppllllaaaayyyy _h_o_s_t:_d_i_s_p_l_a_y[._s_c_r_e_e_n] specifies the X server to contact; see XXXX((((1111)))). ----ddddiiiissssppppoooosssseeee _m_e_t_h_o_d GIF disposal method. Here are the valid methods: 0 No disposal specified. 1 Do not dispose. 2 Restore to background color. 3 Restore to previous. ----ddddiiiitttthhhheeeerrrr apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image. The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several neighboring pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring when reducing colors can be improved with this option. The ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrssss or ----mmmmoooonnnnoooocccchhhhrrrroooommmmeeee option is required for this option to take effect. Use ++++ddddiiiitttthhhheeeerrrr to render Postscript without text or graphic aliasing. ----ddddrrrraaaawwww _s_t_r_i_n_g annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives. Page 4 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) Use this option to annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include point line rectangle fillRectangle circle fillCircle polygon fillPolygon color matte text image PPPPooooiiiinnnntttt, lllliiiinnnneeee, ccccoooolllloooorrrr, mmmmaaaatttttttteeee, tttteeeexxxxtttt, and iiiimmmmaaaaggggeeee each require a single coordinate. LLLLiiiinnnneeee requires a start and end coordinate, while rrrreeeeccccttttaaaannnngggglllleeee expects an upper left and lower right coordinate. CCCCiiiirrrrcccclllleeee has a center coordinate and a coordinate on the outer edge. Finally, ppppoooollllyyyyggggoooonnnn requires three or more coordinates defining its boundaries. Coordinates are integers separated by an optional comma. For example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use: -draw 'circle 100,100 150,150' Use ccccoooolllloooorrrr to change the color of a pixel. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method: point replace floodfill reset Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The ppppooooiiiinnnntttt method recolors the target pixel. The rrrreeeeppppllllaaaacccceeee method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. FFFFllllooooooooddddffffiiiillllllll recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. Finally, rrrreeeesssseeeetttt recolors all pixels. Use mmmmaaaatttttttteeee to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the ccccoooolllloooorrrr primitive for a description of methods). The ppppooooiiiinnnntttt method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The rrrreeeeppppllllaaaacccceeee method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. FFFFllllooooooooddddffffiiiillllllll changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a Page 5 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) neighbor. Finally rrrreeeesssseeeetttt changes the matte value of all pixels. Use tttteeeexxxxtttt to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in double quotes. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene number by embedding special format characters. Embed %%%%ffff for filename, %%%%dddd for directory, %%%%eeee for filename extention, %%%%tttt for top of filename, %%%%mmmm for magick, %%%%wwww for width, %%%%hhhh for height, %%%%pppp for page number, %%%%ssss for scene number, or \\\\nnnn for newline. For example, -draw 'text 100,100 "%m:%f %wx%h"' annotates the image with MMMMIIIIFFFFFFFF::::bbbbiiiirrrrdddd....mmmmiiiiffffffff 555511112222xxxx444488880000 for an image titled bbbbiiiirrrrdddd....mmmmiiiiffffffff and whose width is 512 and height is 480. To generate a Unicode character (TrueType fonts only), embed the code as an escaped hex string (e.g. \0x30a3). Use iiiimmmmaaaaggggeeee to composite an image with another image. Follow the image coordinates with the filename of an image. If the first character of _s_t_r_i_n_g is @@@@, the text is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. You can set the primitive color, font color, and font bounding box color with ----ppppeeeennnn, ----ffffoooonnnntttt, and ----bbbbooooxxxx respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use ----ppppeeeennnn _b_e_f_o_r_e the ----ddddrrrraaaawwww option. ----eeeeddddggggeeee _f_a_c_t_o_r detect edges with an image. Specify _f_a_c_t_o_r as the percent enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%). ----eeeemmmmbbbboooossssssss emboss the image. ----eeeennnnhhhhaaaannnncccceeee apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image. ----eeeeqqqquuuuaaaalllliiiizzzzeeee perform histogram equalization to the image. ----ffffiiiilllltttteeeerrrr _v_a_l_u_e use this type of filter when resizing an image. Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an Page 6 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) image (see ----ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy). Choose from these filters: Point Box Triangle Hermite Hanning Hamming Blackman Gaussian Quadratic Cubic Catrom Mitchell Lanczos Bessel Sinc The default filter is MMMMiiiittttcccchhhheeeellllllll. ----fffflllliiiipppp create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image scanlines in the vertical direction. ----fffflllloooopppp create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image scanlines in the horizontal direction. ----ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt _t_y_p_e the image format type. This option will convert any image to the image format you specify. See ccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) for a list of image format types supported by IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk. By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with ----ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaatttt. For example, if you specify _t_i_f_f as the format type and the input image filename is _i_m_a_g_e._g_i_f, the output image filename becomes _i_m_a_g_e._t_i_f_f. ----ffffoooonnnntttt _n_a_m_e use this font when annotating the image with text. If the font is a fully qualified X server font name, the font is obtained from an X server (e.g. -*- helvetica-medium-r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*). To use a TrueType font, precede the TrueType filename with a @@@@ (e.g. @times.ttf). Otherwise, specify a Postscript Page 7 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) font (e.g. helvetica). ---- ffffrrrraaaammmmeeee <_w_i_d_t_h>_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t>+<_o_u_t_e_r _b_e_v_e_l _w_i_d_t_h>+<_i_n_n_e_r _b_e_v_e_l _w_i_d_t_h> surround the image with an ornamental border. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the geometry specification. The color of the border is specified with the ----mmmmaaaatttttttteeeeccccoooolllloooorrrr command line option. ----ggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa _v_a_l_u_e level of gamma correction. The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from 0.8 to 2.3. You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delineated with slashes (i.e. 1.7/2.3/1.2). Use ++++ggggaaaammmmmmmmaaaa to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images). _o_f_f_s_e_t>{!}{<}{>} ----ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy <_w_i_d_t_h>{%}_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t>{%}{+-}<_x _o_f_f_s_e_t>{+-}<_y preferred width and height of the image. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the geometry specification. By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. Append an exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to exactly the size you specify. For example, if you specify 666644440000xxxx444488880000!!!! the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480. If only one factor is specified, both the width and height assume the value. To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %%%%. The image size is multiplied by the width and height percentages to obtain the final image dimensions. To increase the size of an image, use a value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%). To decrease an image's size, use a percentage less than 100. Use >>>> to change the dimensions of the image _o_n_l_y if its size exceeds the geometry specification. <<<< resizes the Page 8 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) image _o_n_l_y if its dimensions is less than the geometry specification. For example, if you specify 666644440000xxxx444488880000>>>> and the image size is 512x512, the image size does not change. However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480. ----iiiimmmmppppllllooooddddeeee _f_a_c_t_o_r implode image pixels about the center. Specify _f_a_c_t_o_r as the percent implosion (0 - 99.9 %) or explosion (- 99.9 - 0) ----iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrllllaaaacccceeee _t_y_p_e the type of interlacing scheme: NNNNoooonnnneeee, LLLLiiiinnnneeee, PPPPllllaaaannnneeee, or PPPPaaaarrrrttttiiiittttiiiioooonnnn. The default is NNNNoooonnnneeee. This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as RRRRGGGGBBBB or YYYYUUUUVVVV. NNNNoooo means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), LLLLiiiinnnneeee uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and PPPPllllaaaannnneeee uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). PPPPaaaarrrrttttiiiittttiiiioooonnnn is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B). Use LLLLiiiinnnneeee, or PPPPllllaaaannnneeee to create an interlaced GIF or progressive JPEG image. ----llllaaaabbbbeeeellll _n_a_m_e assign a label to an image. Use this option to assign a specific label to the image. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or scene number in the label by embedding special format characters. Embed %%%%ffff for filename, %%%%dddd for directory, %%%%eeee for filename extention, %%%%tttt for top of filename, %%%%mmmm for magick, %%%%wwww for width, %%%%hhhh for height, %%%%pppp for page number, or %%%%ssss for scene number, or \\\\nnnn for newline. For example, -label "%m:%f %wx%h" produces an image label of MMMMIIIIFFFFFFFF::::bbbbiiiirrrrdddd....mmmmiiiiffffffff 555511112222xxxx444488880000 for an image titled bbbbiiiirrrrdddd....mmmmiiiiffffffff and whose width is 512 and height is 480. If the first character of _s_t_r_i_n_g is @@@@, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. When converting to Postscript, use this option to specify a header string to print above the image. Specify the label font with ----ffffoooonnnntttt. Page 9 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) ----llllaaaayyyyeeeerrrr _t_y_p_e the type of layer: RRRReeeedddd, GGGGrrrreeeeeeeennnn, BBBBlllluuuueeee, or MMMMaaaatttttttteeee. Use this option to extract a particular _l_a_y_e_r from the image. MMMMaaaatttttttteeee, for example, is useful for extracting the opacity values from an image. ----lllliiiinnnneeeewwwwiiiiddddtttthhhh _v_a_l_u_e set the width of a line. See ----ddddrrrraaaawwww for further details. ----lllloooooooopppp _i_t_e_r_a_t_i_o_n_s add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation. A value other than zero forces the animation to repeat itself up to _i_t_e_r_a_t_i_o_n_s times. ----mmmmaaaapppp _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e choose a particular set of colors from this image. By default, color reduction chooses an optimal set of colors that best represent the original image. Alternatively, you can choose a particular set of colors from an image file with this option. Use ++++mmmmaaaapppp to reduce all images in an image sequence to a single optimal set of colors that best represent all the images. ----mmmmaaaatttttttteeee store matte channel if the image has one otherwise create an opaque one. ----mmmmoooodddduuuullllaaaatttteeee _v_a_l_u_e vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image. Specify the percent change in brightness, the color saturation, and the hue separated by commas. For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use: ----mmmmoooodddduuuullllaaaatttteeee 22220000////----11110000. ----mmmmoooonnnnoooocccchhhhrrrroooommmmeeee transform the image to black and white. ----nnnneeeeggggaaaatttteeee apply color inversion to image. The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. Use ++++nnnneeeeggggaaaatttteeee to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image. ----nnnnooooiiiisssseeee Page 10 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) add or reduce noise in an image. The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a 3 x 3 window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the 3 x 3 window. PP Use ++++nnnnooooiiiisssseeee followed by a noise type to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types: Uniform Gaussian Multiplicative Impulse Laplacian Poisson ----nnnnoooorrrrmmmmaaaalllliiiizzzzeeee transform image to span the full range of color values. This is a contrast enhancement technique. ----ooooppppaaaaqqqquuuueeee _c_o_l_o_r change this color to the pen color within the image. See ----ppppeeeennnn for more details. ----ppppaaaaggggeeee <_w_i_d_t_h>{%}_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t>{%}{+-}<_x _o_f_f_s_e_t>{+- }<_y _o_f_f_s_e_t>{!}{<}{>} preferred size and location of an image canvas. Use this option to specify the dimensions of the Postscript page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a Postscript page are: Letter 612x 792 Tabloid 792x1224 Ledger 1224x 792 Legal 612x1008 Statement 396x 612 Executive 540x 720 A3 842x1190 A4 595x 842 A5 420x 595 B4 729x1032 B5 516x 729 Folio 612x 936 Quarto 610x 780 10x14 720x1008 Page 11 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g. A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, ----ppppaaaaggggeeee behaves much like ----ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy (e.g. -page letter+43+43>). To position a GIF image, use -page {+-}<_x _o_f_f_s_e_t>{+-}<_y _o_f_f_s_e_t> (e.g. -page +100+200). For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in ----ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy and positioned relative to the lower left hand corner of the page by {+-}<_x _o_f_f_s_e_t>{+-}<_y _o_f_f_s_e_t>. Use -page 612x792>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the Postscript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792. This option is used in concert with ----ddddeeeennnnssssiiiittttyyyy. ----ppppaaaaiiiinnnntttt _r_a_d_i_u_s simulate an oil painting. Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with _r_a_d_i_u_s. ----ppppeeeennnn _c_o_l_o_r set the color of the font or opaque color. See ----ddddrrrraaaawwww for further details. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the color specification. ----ppppooooiiiinnnnttttssssiiiizzzzeeee _v_a_l_u_e pointsize of the Postscript font. ----qqqquuuuaaaalllliiiittttyyyy _v_a_l_u_e JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level. For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default quality is 75. Quality for the MIFF and PNG image format sets the amount of image compression (quality / 10) and filter- type (quality % 10). Compression quality values range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best). If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines: 0: none 1: sub 2: up 3: average Page 12 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) 4: Paeth If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used. If filter-type is 6 or more, adaptive filtering with _m_i_n_i_m_u_m-_s_u_m-_o_f-_a_b_s_o_l_u_t_e-_v_a_l_u_e_s is used. The default is quality is 75. Which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. For further information, see the PNG specification (RFC 2083), <http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR>. ----rrrraaaaiiiisssseeee <_w_i_d_t_h>_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t> lighten or darken image edges to create a 3-D effect. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the geometry specification. Use ----rrrraaaaiiiisssseeee to create a raised effect, otherwise use ++++rrrraaaaiiiisssseeee. ----rrrreeeeggggiiiioooonnnn <_w_i_d_t_h>_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t>{+-}<_x _o_f_f_s_e_t>{+-}<_y _o_f_f_s_e_t> apply options to a portion of the image. By default, any command line options are applied to the entire image. Use ----rrrreeeeggggiiiioooonnnn to restrict operations to a particular area of the image. ----rrrroooollllllll {+-}<_x _o_f_f_s_e_t>{+-}<_y _o_f_f_s_e_t> roll an image vertically or horizontally. See XXXX((((1111)))) for details about the geometry specification. A negative _x _o_f_f_s_e_t rolls the image left-to-right. A negative _y _o_f_f_s_e_t rolls the image top-to-bottom. ----rrrroooottttaaaatttteeee _d_e_g_r_e_e_s{<}{>} apply Paeth image rotation to the image. Use >>>> to rotate the image _o_n_l_y if its width exceeds the height. <<<< rotates the image _o_n_l_y if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify ----99990000>>>> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated by the specified angle. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled with the color defined as bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrccccoooolllloooorrrr (class bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr). ----ssssaaaammmmpppplllleeee _g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y scale image with pixel sampling. Page 13 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) ----sssscccceeeennnneeee _v_a_l_u_e image scene number. ----sssseeeeeeeedddd _v_a_l_u_e pseudo-random number generator seed value. ----sssseeeeggggmmmmeeeennnntttt <_c_l_u_s_t_e_r _t_h_r_e_s_h_o_l_d>_x<_s_m_o_o_t_h_i_n_g _t_h_r_e_s_h_o_l_d> segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. Specify _c_l_u_s_t_e_r _t_h_r_e_s_h_o_l_d as the number of pixels in each cluster must exceed the the cluster threshold to be considered valid. _S_m_o_o_t_h_i_n_g _t_h_r_e_s_h_o_l_d eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5. See IIIIMMMMAAAAGGGGEEEE SSSSEEEEGGGGMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN for details. ----sssshhhhaaaaddddeeee <_a_z_i_m_u_t_h>_x<_e_l_e_v_a_t_i_o_n> shade the image using a distant light source. Specify _a_z_i_m_u_t_h and _e_l_e_v_a_t_i_o_n as the position of the light source. Use ++++sssshhhhaaaaddddeeee to return the shading results as a grayscale image. ----sssshhhhaaaarrrrppppeeeennnn _f_a_c_t_o_r sharpen an image. Specify _f_a_c_t_o_r as the percent enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%). ----sssshhhheeeeaaaarrrr <_x _d_e_g_r_e_e_s>_x<_y _d_e_g_r_e_e_s> shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or negative shear angle. Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y axis, creating a parallelogram. An X direction shear slides an edge along the X axis, while a Y direction shear slides an edge along the Y axis. The amount of the shear is controlled by a shear angle. For X direction shears, _x _d_e_g_r_e_e_s> is measured relative to the Y axis, and similarly, for Y direction shears _y _d_e_g_r_e_e_s is measured relative to the X axis. Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined as bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrccccoooolllloooorrrr (class bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr). See XXXX((((1111)))) for details. ----ssssiiiizzzzeeee <_w_i_d_t_h>{%}_x<_h_e_i_g_h_t>{%}+<_o_f_f_s_e_t> width and height of the image. Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as GGGGRRRRAAAAYYYY, RRRRGGGGBBBB, Page 14 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) or CCCCMMMMYYYYKKKK. In addition to width and height, use ----ssssiiiizzzzeeee to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a MMMMAAAAPPPP image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256). For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes: 192x128 384x256 768x512 1536x1024 3072x2048 Finally, use this option to choose a particular resolution layer of a JBIG or JPEG image (e.g. -size 1024x768). ----ssssoooollllaaaarrrriiiizzzzeeee _t_h_r_e_s_h_o_l_d negate all pixels above the threshold level. Specify _f_a_c_t_o_r as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%). This option produces a ssssoooollllaaaarrrriiiizzzzaaaattttiiiioooonnnn effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process. ----sssspppprrrreeeeaaaadddd _a_m_o_u_n_t displace image pixels by a random amount. _A_m_o_u_n_t defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel to choose a candidate pixel to swap. ----sssswwwwiiiirrrrllll _d_e_g_r_e_e_s swirl image pixels about the center. _D_e_g_r_e_e_s defines the tightness of the swirl. ----tttteeeexxxxttttuuuurrrreeee _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e name of texture to tile onto the image background. ----tttthhhhrrrreeeesssshhhhoooolllldddd _v_a_l_u_e threshold the image. Create a bi-level image such that any pixel intensity that is equal or exceeds the threshold is reassigned the maximum intensity otherwise the minimum intensity. ----ttttrrrraaaannnnssssppppaaaarrrreeeennnnccccyyyy _c_o_l_o_r make this color transparent within the image. ----ttttrrrreeeeeeeeddddeeeepppptttthhhh _v_a_l_u_e Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or Page 15 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) one tells mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy to choose a optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm. An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to qqqquuuuaaaannnnttttiiiizzzzeeee((((9999)))) for more details. The ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrssss or ----mmmmoooonnnnoooocccchhhhrrrroooommmmeeee option is required for this option to take effect. ----uuuunnnnddddeeeerrrrccccoooolllloooorrrr <_u_n_d_e_r_c_o_l_o_r _f_a_c_t_o_r>_x<_b_l_a_c_k-_g_e_n_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _f_a_c_t_o_r> control undercolor removal and black generation on CMYK images. This option enables you to perform undercolor removal and black generation on CMYK images-- images to be printed on a four-color printing system. You can control how much cyan, magenta, and yellow to remove from your image and how much black to add to it. The standard undercolor removal is 1111....0000xxxx1111....0000. You'll frequently get better results, though, if the percentage of black you add to your image is slightly higher than the percentage of C, M, and Y you remove from it. For example you might try 0000....5555xxxx0000....7777. ----vvvveeeerrrrbbbboooosssseeee print detailed information about the image. This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (_D_i_r_e_c_t_C_l_a_s_s or _P_s_e_u_d_o_C_l_a_s_s); the total number of unique colors (if known); and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to mmmmiiiiffffffff((((5555)))) for a description of the image class. If ----ccccoooolllloooorrrrssss is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to qqqquuuuaaaannnnttttiiiizzzzeeee((((9999)))) for a description of these values. ----vvvviiiieeeewwww _s_t_r_i_n_g FlashPix viewing parameters. ----wwwwaaaavvvveeee <_a_m_p_l_i_t_u_d_e>_x<_w_a_v_e_l_e_n_g_t_h> alter an image along a sine wave. Specify _a_m_p_l_i_t_u_d_e and _w_a_v_e_l_e_n_g_t_h to effect the characteristics of the wave. Page 16 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a different effect. For example, to mogrify two images, the first with 32 colors and the second with only 16 colors, use: mogrify -colors 32 cockatoo.miff -colors 16 macaw.miff By default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e. image.ps). See ccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))) for a list of valid image formats. Specify _f_i_l_e as - for standard input and output. If _f_i_l_e has the extension ....ZZZZ or ....ggggzzzz, the file is uncompressed with uuuunnnnccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss or gggguuuunnnnzzzziiiipppp respectively and subsequently compressed using with ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeessssssss or ggggzzzziiiipppp. Finally, precede the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system command. Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g. video.mpg[50-75]). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g. image.tiff[2,7,4]). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry (e.g. -size 640x512 image.rgb[320x256+50+50]). IIIIMMMMAAAAGGGGEEEE SSSSEEEEGGGGMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTAAAATTTTIIIIOOOONNNN Use ----sssseeeeggggmmmmeeeennnntttt to segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. The scale- space filter analyzes the histograms of the three color components of the image and identifies a set of classes. The extents of each class is used to coarsely segment the image with thresholding. The color associated with each class is determined by the mean color of all pixels within the extents of a particular class. Finally, any unclassified pixels are assigned to the closest class with the fuzzy c-means technique. The fuzzy c-Means algorithm can be summarized as follows: o Build a histogram, one for each color component of the image. o For each histogram, successively apply the scale- space filter and build an interval tree of zero crossings in the second derivative at each scale. Page 17 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) Analyze this scale-space ``fingerprint'' to determine which peaks or valleys in the histogram are most predominant. o The fingerprint defines intervals on the axis of the histogram. Each interval contains either a minima or a maxima in the original signal. If each color component lies within the maxima interval, that pixel is considered ``classified'' and is assigned an unique class number. o Any pixel that fails to be classified in the above thresholding pass is classified using the fuzzy c-Means technique. It is assigned to one of the classes discovered in the histogram analysis phase. The fuzzy c-Means technique attempts to cluster a pixel by finding the local minima of the generalized within group sum of squared error objective function. A pixel is assigned to the closest class of which the fuzzy membership has a maximum value. For additional information see Young Won Lim, Sang Uk Lee, "On The Color Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on the Thresholding and the Fuzzy c-Means Techniques", Pattern Recognition, Volume 23, Number 9, pages 935-952, 1990. SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO ddddiiiissssppppllllaaaayyyy((((1111)))),,,, aaaannnniiiimmmmaaaatttteeee((((1111)))),,,, iiiimmmmppppoooorrrrtttt((((1111)))),,,, mmmmoooonnnnttttaaaaggggeeee((((1111)))),,,, ccccoooonnnnvvvveeeerrrrtttt((((1111)))),,,, ccccoooommmmbbbbiiiinnnneeee((((1111)))),,,, xxxxttttpppp((((1111)))) CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYRRRRIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTT Copyright 1998 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files ("ImageMagick"), to deal in ImageMagick without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit persons to whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick. The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular Page 18 (printed 12/17/98) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) IIIImmmmaaaaggggeeeeMMMMaaaaggggiiiicccckkkk ((((1111 MMMMaaaayyyy 1111999999994444)))) mmmmooooggggrrrriiiiffffyyyy((((1111)))) purpose and noninfringement. In no event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable for any claim, damages or other liability, whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or other dealings in ImageMagick. Except as contained in this notice, the name of the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. AAAACCCCKKKKNNNNOOOOWWWWLLLLEEEEDDDDGGGGEEEEMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm. David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for providing a computing environment that made this program possible. Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute, for the original idea of using space subdivision for the color reduction algorithm. AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRRSSSS John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Incorporated Page 19 (printed 12/17/98)